Criminal records from another country can sometimes be introduced in Canadian proceedings, but strict rules govern how they are admitted and used. The Canada Evidence Act permits foreign convictions to be used in certain circumstances, particularly when credibility is at issue. Canadian courts generally recognize that a conviction abroad may have relevance similar to a conviction obtained in Canada. However, not every foreign finding of guilt will qualify. Courts examine whet

911 calls are often some of the most powerful pieces of evidence in a criminal case. They can capture events in real time, including a caller’s tone, emotions, and immediate reaction to an incident. But just because a 911 call exists does not mean it can automatically be used in court.

In some criminal cases, the consequences go beyond fines or imprisonment. The court may also order the forfeiture of property connected to an offence.